If you believed Antarctica was the coldest spot on Earth, it’s possible that you’re mistaken about that. It may surprise you to learn that one of the coldest spots on Earth is in Menlo Park, California; more particularly, thirty feet (nine meters) below the surface. If you believed Antarctica was the coldest spot on Earth.
SLAC’s subterranean superconducting particle accelerator has been chilled to a mind-boggling minus 456 degrees Fahrenheit, according to the laboratory’s press release (minus 271 degrees Celsius or 2 kelvin). That’s just a few degrees over absolute zero, the temperature at which nothing can exist, which is the lowest potential temperature in the cosmos. The severe cooling is part of an to the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS) X-ray free-electron laser, which will be termed LCLS-II in the near future. The LCLS is capable of accelerating electrons to speeds close to the speed of light, and the LCLS-II will be even faster. The device is put to use to investigate unusual chemical occurrences, biological molecules, quantum physics, and complicated materials that are used in computing (this is a goal that is fitting considering the location of the accelerator in Silicon Valley).
According to a statement released by the facility, once the upgrades are finished, LCLS-II will be able to produce X-ray pulses that are 10,000 times brighter than its predecessor, at a rate of up to one million pulses per second. This is something that is only possible under the extremely cold temperatures of the accelerator.
If you believed Antarctica was the coldest spot on Earth. Electrons were accelerated via half a mile of copper pipes at room temperature in the previous incarnation of the LCLS, which was only capable of producing 120 X-ray pulses per second at the time of its construction in 2009.Â
The new system, on the other hand, is comprised of 37 cryogenic accelerator modules, each of which is lined with cavities made of the metal niobium and is surrounded by a variety of cooling equipment. Once they reach a temperature of – 456 degrees Fahrenheit, the niobium cavities turn into superconductors. Because there is no longer any electrical resistance, electrons are able to achieve very fast speeds while they are in this condition.
According to the director of LCLS, Mike Dunne, who was quoted in the statement, “In just a few hours, LCLS-II will produce more X-ray pulses than the current laser has generated in its entire lifetime,” LCLS-II will produce more X-ray pulses than the current laser has generated in its entire lifetime. “Previously collected data that may have taken months to compile can now be generated in minutes. It will take X-ray research to the next level, opening the door to a whole new variety of studies and enhancing our potential to create transformative solutions to solve some of the most serious concerns that our society is now experiencing.”
SLAC collaborated with the Argonne National Laboratory, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (Berkeley Lab), the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (Fermilab), the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (Jefferson Lab), and Cornell University to build the LCLS-II.
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